Computers

Introduction

A computer is a programmable machine which receives input through different parts of the computer such as keyboard, CPU, floppy disk and others, then edits and operates the data, and provides output in a useful way.
Computers have reached a stage of playing an important role in our life, from being just a machine to help in finishing some basic work to being an essential part of life.


Computed invention

The computer was invented in 1822 by Englishman Charles Babbage who is known as "the father of the Computer". Gradually, since this date until now the computer has been modified and improved by many other technicians and investors.

This invention was followed by the invention of the first programmable, digital and electronic devices which were called Collosus Mark I in 1943 which weighed 30 tons with 150 kilowatts. In a nearby year, in 1941, in the World War II, the first modern computer was invented by a German engineer called Konrad Zuse, which was named Z3.
The improvements in the computers were following each other. In 1952, the first computer, outside the military was created by Dr. John Mauchly and Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania with the name of the ENIAC. (http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm)


Nowadays, computers are varied in shapes, sizes, colors and even prices.

IBM is the largest, and the most famous company that makes computers and was the first company which introduced IBM computers with operating systems called "DOS" created by Microsoft. Other famous companies who are the leaders in the computer world are Gateway, Compaq, Dell, Sony, LG and HP. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer )


The latest technologies in the computer field, software and hardware, are
various recent inventions such as, Robot with human expressions, Mystery of Black Holes, 4G Technology, 3-D Processor chips, Operating System that will one take place of Windows, Evidence of water on Mars and many others.

Some of the Technology details are here:

4G Technology:

Fourth generation communication technology is the next step for the wireless communication system.

This 4G system is 200 times faster than the present 2G mobile data rates and 10 times faster than one present 3G broadband mobile.The data rate for present 3G broadband mobile rate is 2 Mbit/sec, where as 2G mobile data rate is 9.6 kbit/sec.

4G data rates and their merit:

4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.

The main objectives of 4G are:

1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.

2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.

3)It can provide premium quality and high security.

4)4G offers all types of services at an affordable cost.

4G technology allows high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.

New Operating System:

Windows is a worldwide famous and reliable operating system for computers. Microsoft launched its first widows operating system in 1985.Till now Microsoft presented various kinds of windows operating systems like Windows 2000, Xp, Vista. But in 2010 Microsoft is totally going to change these concepts by launching a Cloud Based Operating System and rumors are that MIDORI will be their first such operating system, which will replace Windows fully from the computer map.

The main idea behind MIDORI is to develop a lightweight portable OS which can be mated easily to lots of various applications.

3D Processor Chip:

Scientists at the University of Rochester have developed a new generation of Computer Processors. These processors are based on 3-Dimensional Circuits contrary to 2-Dimensional Circuits of today.

This can be said as the next major advance in computer processors technology. The latest 3-D processor is running at 1.4 gigahertz in the labs of University.

This design means that every task such as Synchronicity, Power Distribution, and Long-Distance Signaling are all fully functioning in three dimensions for the first time.( http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081220054859AASiP50).
Conclusion

Computers have developed and come a long way in these few decades. Laptops are the newest and developed model of the PC and the computers will keep improving for the following years, where they will be as big as the hand size.


Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081220054859AASiP50